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Self-propelled particles
Self-propelled particles (SPP), also referred to as self-driven particles, is a concept used by physicists to describe autonomous agents, which convert energy from the environment into directed or persistent motion. Everyday life examples of such agents are walking, swimming or flying animals. Other biological systems include bacteria, cells, algae and other micro-organisms. Generally, directed propulsion in biological systems is referred to as chemotaxis. One can also think of artificial systems such as robots or specifically designed particles such as swimming Janus colloids, nanomotors, walking grains, and others.
==Overview==
Self-propelled particles interact according to various social and physical rules, which can lead to the emergence of collective behaviors, such as flocking of birds, swarming of bugs, the formation of sheep herds, etc.
To understand the ubiquity of such phenomena, physicists have developed a number of self propelled particles models. These models predict that self propelled particles share certain properties at the group level, regardless of the type of animals in the swarm.〔 It has become a challenge in theoretical physics to find minimal statistical models that capture these behaviours.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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